2010年玉树Ms7.1级震区上地壳三维P波速度层析成像     

莘海亮  杨卓欣  张元生  刘巧霞  贾宇鹏  李源  沙成宁 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(5)

综合利用震后应急流动台阵和青海台网部分固定台站观测数据,采用多震相走时层析成像方法,对玉树震区地壳三维速度结构和玉树Ms7.1级地震余震震源位置参数进行了联合反演,获得了研究区上地壳三维速度结构图像和余震序列重新定位结果.结果显示:玉树Ms7.1级地震余震整体沿北西向玉树-甘孜断裂呈条带状分布,长约120 km;以隆宝镇为界,呈现两段不同的分布特征;震区上地壳速度分布存在横向非均匀性;沉积层厚约6～7 km,壳内存在厚约为7～8 km的低速层;地震多发生于低速层上方即高、低速过渡区域,区内多条断裂走向与高低速过渡带一致.  相似文献   

Research on the impact assessment of urbanization on air environment with urban environmental entropy model: a case study   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Qingsong Wang  Xueliang Yuan  Chunyuan Ma  Zhen Zhang  Jian Zuo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(3):443-450

A new concept of urban environmental entropy was introduced to investigate the effect of urbanization on air environment considering the fact that rapid development of urbanization may have negative influence on the whole air environment system. The urban environmental entropies which were built based on the generalized thermodynamic entropy and the generalized statistic entropy, respectively. These two entropy models have been used to analyze the relationship between the development of urbanization and air environment. The negative entropy flow mechanism was proposed to reveal the advantages and approaches of regional cities in improving air environment system. A case study on 17 cities in Shandong Province of China showed that the values of urban environmental entropy were negative in most cities from 2001 to 2008, which implies that there is a positive correlation between the development of urbanization and air environment and that is a negative entropy development level in Shandong Province of China. In 2008, the urbanization of Qingdao city and Jinan city improved their air environments. Moreover, restraints for both cities in air environment improvement were recognized according to the analysis of negative entropy flow mechanism.  相似文献   

甘肃省农村居民地震常识情况的调查分析     

钟秀梅  袁中夏  贾冠华  侯景瑞 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(2):184-192

了解农村居民对地震常识的掌握情况是做好农村震害防御工作的重要参考.本文研究设计了调查表格,对农村居民地震常识的掌握情况进行了调查.通过甘肃省16个县(区)的现场抽样调查,得到了甘肃省农村居民的地震常识掌握情况,并通过对比研究,分析了造成农村居民地震常识掌握不足以及造成差异的影响因素.基于调查结果,本文针对农村居民地震常识的掌握情况,提出了增强农村居民防震减灾知识,提高其震害防御意识的工作建议.  相似文献   

基于GIS的兰州滑坡与泥石流灾害危险性分析   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

祁元  刘勇  杨正华  徐瑱  方苗 《冰川冻土》2012,34(1):96-104

频繁发生的灾害愈来愈对人类社会造成巨大影响, 遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统和网络技术日益在减灾行动中发挥重要的作用. 兰州区域地质岩性、构造断裂、地震活动带、地表侵蚀强烈和地形起伏破碎等因素造成了兰州滑坡与泥石流灾害的发育, 夏季暴雨、人类工程活动等诱发下灾害频繁, 风险加剧. 针对兰州地区滑坡与泥石流等山地灾害对区域社会经济的影响, 通过建立区域滑坡与泥石流灾害的空间数据库, 在GIS技术辅助下实现了专家经验模型和Logistic模型对滑坡与泥石流灾害危险性的预测, 其中滑坡Logistic模型准确性达到85.3%, 专家经验模型准确性达到74.2%; 泥石流Logistic危险性预模型准确性达到80.5%, 专家经验模型准确性达到90.5%. 随着研究的深入, 综合遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统和网络技术的灾害研究与应用将在灾害防治中发挥重要的作用.  相似文献   

A three-dimensional water quality model and its application to Jiaozhou Bay, China     

张燕  孙英兰  余静  袁道伟  张瑞瑾 《中国海洋工程》2012,26(4):669-684

A three-dimensional coupled physical and water quality model was developed and applied to the Jiaozhou Bay to study water quality involving nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and phytoplankton that are closely related to eutrophication process. The physical model is a modified ECOM-si version with inclusion of flooding/draining processes over the intertidal zone. The water quality model is based on WASP5 which quantifies processes governing internal nutrients cycling, dissolved oxygen balance and phytoplankton growth. The model was used to simulate the spatial distribution and the temporal variation of water quality in the Jiaozhou Bay for the period of May 2005 to May 2006. In addition, the effect of reduction of riverine nutrients load was simulated and evaluated. The simulated results show that under the influence of nutrients discharged from river, the concentrations of nutrients and phytoplankton were higher in the northwest and northeast of the bay, and decreased from the inner bay to the outer. Affected by strong tidal mixing, the concentrations of all state variables were vertically homogeneous except in the deeper regions where a small gradient was found. Obvious seasonal variation of phytoplankton biomass was found, which exhibited two peaks in March and July, respectively. The variation of riverine waste loads had remarkable impact on nutrients concentration in coastal areas, but slightly altered the distribution in the center of the bay.  相似文献   

杭州湾南岸浅滩的漫滩潮流数值模拟     

许雪峰  羊天柱  孙志林  施伟勇  聂源 《海洋科学》2012,36(4):107-112

在杭州湾浅滩上采用底座式ADCP测得单点的漫滩潮流流速、流向及同步水位的变化过程,并在此基础上建立平面二维潮流数值模型,分析整个潮滩上的漫滩潮流过程及其特征。在模型漫滩边界上采用向上取水位值的处理方法,使得模型计算稳定,并获得了稳定逼真的漫滩潮流模拟结果。模拟结果表明:漫滩潮流模拟过程与实测资料基本一致。因此在漫滩潮流模拟中向上取水位值的边界处理方法是可行的。研究成果为漫滩潮流的数值模拟提供了一种较实用的漫滩边界处理方法。  相似文献   

鄂霍次克海冷泉沉积物真核生物多样性的初步研究     

高远  李富超  姜鹏  秦松  栾锡武  秦蕴珊 《海洋科学》2012,36(5):29-33

从鄂霍次克海沉积物样品中提取总基因组DNA,进行核糖体rRNA基因内转录间隔区(ITS)的扩增,构建克隆文库并进行测序,对该环境下真核生物的多样性进行了初步研究。结果发现,该环境下的真核生物具有较高的多样性,主要为3大类,真核藻类、真菌和微型浮游动物。藻类和微型浮游动物的组成与前人在该海域浮游生物生态学的研究相吻合,而真菌群落具有较高的多样性,这为该区域真核生物多样性、所参与的生物地球化学过程及生态学意义的研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

热带气旋中期路径的动力相似预测方案     

钟元  滕卫平  胡波  黄新晴  滕舟  董美莹 《海洋预报》2012,29(6)

提出一个西北太平洋热带气旋中期路径的动力相似预测方案.方案应用热带气旋初始参数和数值预报产品,构造未来时刻环境要素场的多元客观相似判据.通过定义非线性的相似指数综合评估历史热带气旋样本与预报热带气旋在多元判据下的连续动态相似程度,以此找到相似样本.应用相似样本的历史路径进行坐标变换、相似指数的权重综合和惯性动力修正,得到热带气旋中期预报路径.预报试验表明该方案具有预报技巧.  相似文献   

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李峰  崔希民  袁德宝  王果  张玲 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(5):128-132

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鄂尔多斯盆地都思兔河流域白垩系含水层特征及供水前景分析     

姜军  徐永  马媛 《地球科学与环境学报》2012,(1):47-54

在鄂尔多斯盆地都思兔河流域供水水文地质详查的基础上,通过水文地质钻探、抽水试验、样品分析等手段,查明了流域含水层的结构、埋深以及含水层和隔水层在水平和垂直方向上的变化规律,探讨了各含水层之间的水力联系,并求取了含水层的水文地质参数;对比圈定了包乐浩晓、巴彦布拉格、好勒包勒吉3处富水区;采用地下水流数值模拟方法对上述3处富水区地下水开采量进行计算,提出了27种地下水开采方案,并经过对比得到地下水开采推荐方案。结果表明:包乐浩晓、巴彦布拉格、好勒包勒吉3处富水区主要补给为侧向径流及大气降水入渗补给,排泄方式以潜水面蒸发及向河流排泄为主;在地下水浅埋区,结合含水层单井涌水量的大小,确定采用管井开采方式、中段悬挂式非完整井结构,平均布井,井深300m,单一开采白垩系环河组的地下水,最大限度夺取潜水蒸发排泄量;根据推荐方案,上述3个富水区总开采量达到123 500m3/d,可为该地区地下水资源开发与利用提供技术保障。  相似文献